An Analysis of the Histopathological Spectrum of Breast Lesions

Abstract

Abstract
Introduction: About one-quarter of all malignant tumors and one-third of all malignancies in women are breast cancers. This life-threatening illness not only imposes a financial strain on the patient, her family, and society but also leads to emotional turmoil.
Materials and methods: From October 2024 to October 2025, a retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, SCPM Multi Super Specialty Hospital. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% formalin for hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, then underwent standard procedures for paraffin embedding and H&E staining. Histopathological features were recorded, and tumors were classified according to the World Health Organization criteria and graded using the modified Bloom-Richardson system.
Results: Among the 50 samples collected, 98% were from women, total 50 samples. The most common age for the onset of breast nodules was approximately 12 years, accounting for 28.6% of the cases. The samples included both malignant and benign lesions. Out of the 42 benign lesions, 12 were identified as fibroadenomas (28.6%), and 10 were classified as inflammatory (23.8%). Of the 8 malignant lesions, 4 were diagnosed as infiltrative duct cell carcinomas, representing 50% of the malignant cases.
Conclusion: The pattern of breast lesions can help determine their clinicopathological characteristics. For effective treatment, it is essential to correlate the clinical and histological diagnoses of a breast nodule.